The airplane comprises five major components. these are; the fuselage, the wings, empennage (tail section), flight control surfaces, undercarriage, and the power plant (engines).
1. Fuselage
The fuselage is the main body of an aircraft. It is one of the major aircraft components with its long hollow tube that’s also known as the body of the airplane, which holds the passengers along with cargo. This area includes the cockpit, so the pilots are in the front of the fuselage. Despite there being different types of fuselages (Truss, monocoque, and the semi-monocoque), they all connect the major parts of an airplane together.
It provides the connection points for the wings the tail assembly, the power plant for single-engine aircraft, and the landing gear in some designs.
The most popular types of fuselage structures used in today’s aircraft are the monocoque which means a single shell construction or the semi-monocoque.thou the truss construction is mainly found on Older types of aircraft which employed materials such as wood, steel, or aluminum tubing.
The Wings
The wings, also commonly known as the main planes, are aircraft parts that are important in flight as they provide the lift that enables an aircraft to fly. The interaction of the wings and the air is what generates most of the lifting force necessary for flight.
Flight Control surfaces
Aircraft flight control surfaces are devices that allow the pilot to adjust and control the aircraft's flight attitude. These are the Ailerons, the elevators, and the rudders. The ailerons control motion about the longitudinal axis (roll), the elevator controls rotation about the lateral axis (pitch) and the rudder controls movement about the vertical axis (yaw).
Empennage
The empennage is the tail end of the aircraft. It helps with the stability of the plane it has a vertical stabilizer to which the rudder is attached, the rudder helps the aircraft steer from right to left (yaw), and a horizontal stabilizer to which the elevator is attached, and the elevator helps with the up and down movement (pitching) of the aircraft.
Power Plant
The aircraft engines are also known as the aero engines. The engine can either be a piston engine or a gas turbine engine. The engine itself is a complicated system comprised of many smaller parts like cylinders, fans, and pistons. These aircraft engine parts work together to generate braking horsepower which is converted to thrust that helps to propel the aircraft forward.
Landing Gear
the landing gear is another important component of the aircraft. they are used during landing, take off, taxiing, and also help to support the aircraft off the ground when parked.
they help to absorb landing shocks hence reducing the damage to the other aircraft structures.
